Amjad Masad, CEO of Replit, delivered a stark prediction at Y Combinator's AI Startup School: the value of all application software will eventually "go to zero." This bold statement underscores a profound shift he sees in how software is created and consumed, driven by the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence. His commentary, delivered at the "AI Startup School" event on June 17, 2025, traced the historical arc of computing and proposed that AI agents are ushering in an era where programming, once the domain of experts, becomes universally accessible, fundamentally reshaping business and employment.
Masad drew a compelling parallel to the evolution of computing itself. Mainframes, he reminded the audience, were complex machines requiring specialized experts to operate. Personal computers, initially dismissed as mere toys, eventually became indispensable tools for everyone, powering the global economy and even modern data centers. Software engineering, historically demanding years of specialized training and arcane knowledge, is undergoing a similar democratization. As Masad put it, "Software engineering for experts. Replit for everyone."
Replit's nine-year vision has always been to make programming accessible to all. With the advent of AI, this mission has found its ultimate expression: eliminating the need for manual coding entirely. "Code is the sort of bottleneck to actually getting a lot more people making software," Masad explained, highlighting the strategic pivot towards AI agents as the definitive solution. This represents a fundamental re-evaluation of where value is created in the software development lifecycle.
The rapid increase in AI agent capabilities is evident. Masad showcased a steep upward curve on the SWE-bench, a software engineering benchmark. While agents "barely worked" in 2022, they are now achieving 70-80% success rates, demonstrating a clear trajectory towards automated software engineering. Replit has gone "all in on agents," recognizing this inflection point as the moment for significant investment and innovation.
However, the real challenge isn't simply generating code, but building the robust infrastructure for these agents to operate effectively. "Code is easy, infra is hard," Masad stated, emphasizing the critical need for a stable and comprehensive "habitat" where agents can thrive. This includes sandboxed virtual machines to prevent agents from compromising local systems, scalability to support millions of users, and universal language support to accommodate diverse programming environments. Agents need the ability to interact with the command line, manage files, install packages, and handle complex integrations, mirroring the comprehensive toolkit of a human developer.
Replit is actively addressing these infrastructure challenges by providing "primitives" for agents. These foundational components include built-in authentication, domain management, secure secrets handling, background job execution, and robust storage solutions. Masad also outlined future capabilities such as universal model access, payment mechanisms (allowing agents to pay for external services), and seamless agent-to-agent communication, which will enable increasingly complex and collaborative AI ecosystems.
The progression of agent autonomy is key to this vision. Replit is developing Agent V3, designed to work for up to an hour without human supervision. This leap in autonomy is powered by sophisticated end-to-end app testing that incorporates "Computer Use" (agents interacting with a virtual desktop), test-time compute (scaling through parallel simulations), and auto-generated software testing integrated directly into the development loop. The ability for agents to independently generate multiple solutions, test them in parallel, and then intelligently merge the best one back into the codebase will dramatically enhance reliability and efficiency.
Masad's most provocative prediction is that "All application software will go to zero." This does not imply the disappearance of software, but rather a collapse in its traditional market value. Generic SaaS solutions, currently costing businesses thousands annually, will become trivially easy and cheap to generate with AI agents, driving their price to near zero. This fundamental shift will disrupt the entire software market.
This transformation will, by extension, redefine employment and the structure of companies. Masad cited a compelling example from Replit itself: an HR professional, with no prior coding experience, utilized Replit's agents to build a custom organizational chart software in just three days. This solution, previously requiring significant external investment, now demonstrates the rise of the "generalist employee" or "sovereign individual" who, empowered by AI tools, can transcend traditional specialized roles and achieve broad impact. Companies will evolve from rigid hierarchies into more fluid, network-like structures.
In this future, "Ideas will become wealth." Masad emphasized that merit will be rewarded universally, irrespective of geographical location or physical capital. The ability to think clearly, generate novel ideas, and then rapidly prototype and deploy them with the assistance of AI agents will become the ultimate competitive advantage. This paradigm shift underscores a future where creativity and strategic thinking are paramount, amplified by the power of artificial intelligence.
