A Bloomberg News investigation has uncovered a massive build-out of AI data centers in China’s remote Xinjiang desert, with plans to install over 115,000 of Nvidia's most advanced chips despite a stringent US export ban. The discovery reveals the sheer scale of Beijing’s ambition and its determination to acquire critical technology, regardless of geopolitical restrictions. The operation is designed to become a central pillar in the country’s push for AI supremacy over the United States.
Bloomberg reporters Colum Murphy, James Mayger, and their team analyzed official government documents and traveled to the politically sensitive region to investigate the projects firsthand. Their findings, detailed in the video report, show that local governments in Yiwu County have approved at least 39 data centers. These facilities explicitly list the intention to use Nvidia’s H100 and H200 processors—the industry standard for training large language models and a technology Washington has worked hard to keep out of Chinese hands.
The US export ban is designed to be a "small yard, high fence" policy, targeting specific, advanced technologies with potential military applications. The goal, as one commentator noted, is to "choke China's AI sector and its broader AI ambitions." Yet, the plans for the Xinjiang hubs suggest a glaring gap between policy and reality. The documents contain no explanation for how the companies will acquire the chips, leaving open the question of whether the plans are merely aspirational or if a robust circumvention strategy is already in place.
This raises a critical question. Are the companies bluffing, or can they really get their hands on the world's most restricted semiconductors?
The most obvious route would be a sophisticated black market, but the immense volume makes this seem improbable. After speaking with over a dozen sources familiar with US government investigations, reporter Mackenzie Hawkins stated that none were aware of "a smuggling network that is capable of procuring over 100,000 banned Nvidia chips into China." All of them said no. This deepens the mystery, suggesting that either the US is unaware of a major smuggling channel or the Chinese entities are operating on the assumption that they will eventually secure the hardware. The persistence of these projects underscores the difficulty of enforcement, with reporter James Mayger concluding it is "really impossible... to stop Chinese companies, government entities from buying these things."
